Introduction to Cant Slang
Cant slang, often referred to simply as “cant,” is a form of specialized language that has emerged among various groups—particularly those on the fringes of society. This article explores the origins, purposes, and contemporary uses of cant slang, diving deep into its cultural significance and relevance.
What is Cant Slang?
Cant slang refers to a form of coded language used by specific groups to communicate in a way that is often incomprehensible to outsiders. Historically, it has been associated with various marginalized communities, including criminals, the poor, and various subcultures. Cant serves both as a means of communication and a way to establish identity within these groups.
Origins of Cant
The origins of cant can be traced back to Middle English, where the word “cant” originally referred to a low or indecent manner of speaking. Over time, it evolved to describe the peculiar jargon of specific groups. Notably, cant has been used extensively by:
- Criminals and thieves
- Motorcycle clubs
- Various underground movements
- Religious or spiritual sects
Purpose and Function of Cant Slang
Peculiar to its nature, cant slang serves multiple functions, including:
- Identity Formation: It enables members of a community to signal their belonging and identity.
- Coded Communication: Cant allows for conversations that can evade the scrutiny of outsiders, which can be crucial in illicit activities.
- Exclusivity: It creates a barrier to entry for outsiders, solidifying group cohesion.
Examples of Cant Slang
Cant slang evolves continually. Here are a few prominent examples throughout history:
- Thieves’ Cant: Used in the 16th and 17th centuries, this jargon was comprised of words and phrases understood only by thieves and their associates.
- Polari: A form of cant slang used in the gay communities of the UK during the mid-20th century, which incorporated elements from Italian, Romani, and Yiddish.
- AAVE (African American Vernacular English): While not exclusively cant, AAVE serves as a cultural identifier within the African American community, rich with idiomatic expressions unique to the culture.
Case Studies of Cant Slang
The evolution and use of cant slang can be vividly illustrated through a few case studies:
1. The Rise of Thieves’ Cant
Thieves’ cant became a formalized lexicon among criminals in 16th century England. It was used to discuss theft and other crimes without alerting law enforcement. Phrases like “to lift” (to steal) or “prig” (a thief) became commonplace. Authors like Henry Mayhew documented this slang in their works on London’s criminal underbelly.
2. The Birth of Polari
Polari emerged among gay men in the UK as a way to communicate discreetly during a time when homosexuality was illegal. Popularized in the 1960s by the radio show “Round the Horne,” polari included phrases like “naff” (bad) and “bona” (good). It played a crucial role in community cohesion during a period of oppression.
3. Modern-Day Cant in Technology
In recent years, cant has also made its way into digital culture. Terms like “LOL” (laugh out loud) and “FOMO” (fear of missing out) act as modern cant, creating an in-group language that highlights the nuances of contemporary life, particularly among younger demographics.
Statistics on Language Use
According to a report by the Linguistic Society of America:
- Approximately 20% of young adults regularly use slang and cant in their digital communications.
- Research shows that communities adopting cant typically experience greater solidarity, with up to 40% indicating an increased sense of belonging.
The Future of Cant Slang
As society continues to evolve, so too will cant slang. The proliferation of technology and social media is democratizing language, allowing cant to spread more easily. Traditionally marginalized groups are reclaiming their narratives and creating new forms of cant that reflect their identities.
Conclusion
Cant slang is a powerful facet of linguistic and cultural identity that serves essential functions in various communities. Understanding its history, purpose, and contemporary relevance allows us to appreciate the complexity of language and the communities that shape it.
